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Libelle of note

Tunica subserosa is only present in the abdominal part of the oesophagus.

Tunica adventitia is present in the cervical and thoracic parts of the oesophagus.

This is the ligament of the left superior vena cava, rather than simply the vena cava.

On the visceral surface of the liver two perpendicular depressions are found, the fissura sagittalis dextra and sinistra. They are connected by the porta hepatis, forming an H-like figure.

See note # 11139

An accessory lobe of Riedel may be present as part of the right lobe of the liver. Musil et al. (2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13) suggested the term Processus appendicularis hepatis.

The term Tractus portalis was introduced in TA2 for the entrance of the interlobular arteries, veins and bile ducts.

The ileocaecal flexure indicates the altered direction of the gut (Musil et al. 2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13).

The ileocaecal angle is an acute angle between the walls of the terminal ileum and the caecum (Musil et al. 2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13).

The promontorium duodeni is a localized bulging along the medial wall of the middle part of the pars descendens duodeni that results in a slight widening of the duodenal lumen. It serves as an orientation point in radiology to localize the papilla duodeni major (Musil et al. 2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13).

The descending colic flexure marks the alteration of the direction colon between the descending and sigmoid colon (Musil et al. 2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13).

The rectosigmoid flexure marks the alteration of the direction colon between the sigmoid colon and the rectum (Musil et al. 2019 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 19:1-13).

Around the anus, a thin layer of smooth muscle fibres radiates from the orifice. By its contraction it raises the skin into ridges around the margin of the anus (Shafik 1976 Invest Urol 13:271-277).